News & Views

The Limits of Food-as-Medicine: New Trial Results

Lack of access to healthy foods doesn't seem to be the main reason that low-income people do not eat fresh fruits and vegetables, according to a recent study. As reported by Tamar Haspel in the Washington Post ("America's obesity problem isn't about costs. We just love junk food"), even when people with type 2 diabetes were given a "prescription" $80 debit card to pay for fruits and vegetables, most people (70%) did not use them (Drake 2026). Another study (Doyle 2024) provided groceries sufficient for two meals a week, along with nutritional counseling and instructions about cooking. Compared to the control group, there was no changes in biomarkers of metabolic disease. Self-reports of diet change showed very modest differences between the group receiving the groceries and the control group. Looking at the data provided, it seems that people used the groceries for the two healthy meals, but continued eating their usual diet otherwise. Clearly, there are many reasons beyond economics for why people eat the way they do, which can include cultural identity, comfort with cooking and, yes, preferences for "junk food" over vegetables.

References

Drake C, Buckman C, Brucker A, et al.  Produce Prescription Subsidy for Patients With Diabetes: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2026;186(4):416–424.

Doyle J, Alsan M, Skelley N, Lu Y, Cawley J. Effect of an Intensive Food-as-Medicine Program on Health and Health Care Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(2):154–163.