Misconception of the Month

Oat milk is pro-inflammatory, has a high glycemic index, has toxins in it, and isn’t as nutritious as real dairy

Where did this claim come from?

I have no idea precisely where the claim that oat milk is pro-inflammatory comes from. Perhaps based on the “toxins” it supposedly has, or perhaps (as I have noticed lately) being pro-inflammatory is just a non-specific accusation of being bad. (Most people don’t really understand inflammation anyway).

In any case a randomized clinical trial of oat-enriched diet for people with type 2 diabetes showed that increased consumption of oats was associated with fewer markers of inflammation12. Overall, studies investigating oats and inflammation have found either mild anti-inflammatory effects, or no effects.

Let’s break this down

Glycemic index

Oat milk does have a higher glycemic index than other diary or diary substitutes, even though it is made of oats, which have a low glycemic index. This is because the oats are ground, and thus making the sugars in it more quickly absorbable. The real concern here is when commercial sources of oat milk add extra sugars to the oat milk13,14.

Lectins

Oat milk does have lectins in it, as all plants have lectins. Lectins are proteins that can have a variety of effects on cells, including negative effects, depending on the type of lectin. The food group with the highest concentration of lections are the seeds of beans. It needs to be said that the beans we eat are not the ones, such as castor beans, that high lectin content. Lectins are destroyed by cooking, so cooked beans are “safe”. In oats, the levels of lectins are too small to have consequences for health15 and are typically cooked first also.

Nutrition facts

It is also true that oat milk lacks the important nutrients that dairy contains, but this is true of all of the dairy substitutes14. Commercial dairy alternatives are typically supplemented with vitamins, minerals and/or protein to bring them more in line with dairy nutrition.

Overall, we’re OK with oatmilk!

So, the grain of truth is that pure oat milk (that does not have added nutrients) is less nutritious than dairy milk. This should not be a serious concern unless the oat milk is the major food source being consumed.

The claims of “lectins”, “toxins”, and “inflammation” are hooey!

References

12 Zhang X, McGeoch SC, Megson IL, MacRury SM, Johnstone AM, Abraham P, Pearson DW, de Roos B, Holtrop G, O'Kennedy N, Lobley GE. Oat-enriched diet reduces inflammatory status assessed by circulating cell-derived microparticle concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Jun;58(6):1322-32. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300820. Epub 2014 Mar 7. PMID: 24604886.

13 Yu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Li X, Wang J, Sun B. Oat milk analogue versus traditional milk: Comprehensive evaluation of scientific evidence for processing techniques and health effects. Food Chem X. 2023 Sep 3;19:100859. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100859. PMID: 37780279; PMCID: PMC10534225.

14 Ramsing R, Santo R, Kim BF, Altema-Johnson D, Wooden A, Chang KB, Semba RD, Love DC. Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2023 Sep;10(3):291-302. doi: 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z. Epub 2023 Jun 10. PMID: 37300651; PMCID: PMC10504201.

15 Adamcová A, Laursen KH, Ballin NZ. Lectin Activity in Commonly Consumed Plant-Based Foods: Calling for Method Harmonization and Risk Assessment. Foods. 2021 Nov 13;10(11):2796. doi: 10.3390/foods10112796. PMID: 34829077; PMCID: PMC8618113.